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Channel operators (also known as ops) control the channel they are on. They will have an "@" in front of their nick in the nickname list. They are effectively the "bosses" of the channel, although if the channel is registered, the channel owner is the real boss!. There are three ways to become a channel operator.

First is by creating your own channel. You create the channel by joining a channel that does not currently exist. When you do this, the server sets you as the channel op.

The second way is to be made an operator by an existing operator. Channel operators maintain control of the channel through the use of channel mode commands. These are commands that only channel operators have access to, and can be used to perform various functions on the channel.

The third way is to be granted an access level of 5 or higher on chanserv.  If autoops is set on then chanserv will op you whenever you join the channel.  Otherwise you can ask chanserv to op you at any time by /msg chanserv op [#channel name].   For chanserv to recognise you its always best to identify with nickserv first.

Please note:

-only channel operators have access to the following functions
-typing a minus sign "-" in place of the plus sign "+" reversed the command...i.e. +o ops, and -o deops
-the use of "#" indicates that the channel name should be substituted...i.e. #newbies in these examples.

/mode [#] +o [nick] - grant ops to a nick. ex. /mode #newbies +o maddog

/mode [#] +b [address] - ban a nick by their address from the channel. the proper address format is *!*username@*.host.domain. ex. /mode #newbies +b *!*jp@*irc.com

/mode [#] +m - set the channel mode to moderate. this means that only ops (and 'voiced' people - see below) can type to the channel. all other are silenced on the channel. ex. /mode #newbies +m

/mode [#] +v [nick] - 'voice' - used in conjunction with the +m mode. after setting to moderate, a user can be given permission to speak by setting the mode to +v. ex. /mode #newbies +v mojo

/mode [#] +s - makes the channel secret. it will not be shown in a channel listing. it can still be joined if the channel name is known. ex. /mode #newbies +s

/mode [#] +p - makes the channel private. the channel cannot be joined unless an invite is issued. the users on the channel can be lsited with a /who or a /names command. ex. /mode #newbies +p

/mode [#] +i - makes the channel invite only. you must be invited by another nick on the channel to join. ex. /mode #newbies +i

/mode [#] +t - restricts channel topic changes to operators only. ex. /mode #newbies +t

/mode [#] +n - prevents messages from outside the channel from being sent to the channel. this does not affect personal messages to individual users. ex. /mode #newbies +n

/mode [#] +l [number] - limits the number of users that may occupy the channel. in this example, the limit is 6 users. ex. /mode #newbies +l 6

/mode [#] +k [keyword] - sets a password for the channel. cannot join without typing /join #channelname [keyword]. ex. /mode #newbies +k shazam

/mode [#] +c - if used in conjunction with +i means that when a user tries to join the channel, a 'knock' notice will be sent to all the channel ops in the room.  They can then choose to issue an invite to the user, so they can then enter the channel. ex. /mode #newbies +c

/mode [#] +C 

/mode [#] +L [newchannelname] - must be set after a +l to limit channel members.  When the limit is reached, new people joining will be redirected to the channel specified in 'newchannelname'

The more modern irc clients such as mIRC make setting some of the channel modes very easy.